Optimasi Parameter Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock Absorber (ERSA) untuk Pemanenan Energi Listrik pada Suspensi Belakang Toyota Avanza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/jtpvi.v4i1.231Keywords:
Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock absorber, energy harvesting, metode Taguchi, suspensi otomotif, magnet neodymiumAbstract
Pemanfaatan energi getaran pada suspensi kendaraan merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap sumber energi fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan pembangkitan energi listrik Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock absorber (ERSA) pada suspensi belakang Toyota Avanza menggunakan metode Taguchi. Tiga faktor diuji, yaitu jumlah lilitan kumparan (1500–2500 lilitan), diameter kawat (0,2–0,4 mm), dan air gap (2–6 mm) dengan orthogonal array L9 dan kriteria larger-the-better terhadap tegangan keluaran. Hasil analisis S/N dan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa jumlah lilitan dan diameter kawat berkontribusi masing-masing 55,10% dan 38,96% terhadap variasi tegangan, sedangkan pengaruh air gap relatif kecil. Kombinasi optimum A3B3C3 (2500 lilitan, kawat 0,4 mm, air gap 6 mm) menghasilkan tegangan verifikasi 5,30 V dengan galat 5% terhadap prediksi model. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa ERSA berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sistem energy harvesting berdaya rendah bila dikombinasikan dengan rangkaian penyimpan dan pengkondisi daya.
Harvesting vibration energy from vehicle suspensions is a strategy to reduce dependence on fossil-fuel electricity. This study aims to optimize the electrical output of an Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock absorber (ERSA) installed on the rear suspension of a Toyota Avanza using the Taguchi method. Three control factors were investigated number of coil turns (1500–2500 turns), wire diameter (0.2–0.4 mm), and air gap (2–6 mm) arranged in an L9 orthogonal array with a larger-the-better criterion for output voltage. Signal-to-noise and ANOVA analyses indicate that coil turns and wire diameter contribute 55.10% and 38.96% of the voltage variation, whereas the influence of air gap is small. The optimal combination A3B3C3 (2500 turns, 0.4-mm wire, 6-mm air gap) yields a verification voltage of 5.30 V with a 5% error relative to the predicted response. These findings show that ERSA has potential as a low-power automotive energy-harvesting system when combined with power-conditioning and storage circuits.
References
[1] A. K. Ruly Kurniawan, “Jumlah Kendaraan di Indonesia 147 Juta Unit, 87 Persen Motor,” Kompas.com, Feb. 10, 2023.
[2] Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, Statistik Minyak dan Gas Bumi 2019. Indonesia, 2019.
[3] R. Zhou et al., “Design, analysis and prototyping of a magnetic energy-harvesting suspension for vehicles,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 29, no. 10, Art. no. 105034, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1088/1361-665X/aba538.
[4] A. D. Winastra, “Analisa Sistem Suspensi Pada Kendaraan Truck Mercedes Benz Axor,” Menulis: J. Penelit. Nusantara, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 1163–1167, Jun. 2025.
[5] A. F. Ainurroji and D. Wulandari, “Pengembangan modul pembelajaran alat uji kekakuan pegas untuk mata kuliah Fisika Teknik I di Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Negeri Surabaya,” J. Pendidik. Tek. Mesin, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 50–55, Nov. 2021.
[6] A. Fadhil, H. Maksum, and W. Afnison, “Optimasi Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock absorber (ERSA) tipe magnet batang Alnico pada suspensi belakang multi purpose vehicle (MPV),” AEEJ, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 21–30, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.24036/aeej.v1i1.3.
[7] A. E. Harefa and C. J. Humendru, “Kajian medan magnet dan pemanfaatannya dalam fisika dasar,” IDENTIK: J. Ilmu Ekon., Pendidik. dan Tek., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 127–133, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.70134/identik.v2i1.159.
[8] G. D. Ahadi, S. W. Pratiwi, and D. P. Isnarwaty, “Pendekatan desain eksperimen Taguchi sebagai metode optimasi pada bidang teknik dan industri (studi kasus pada proses bundling kemasan),” SainsTech Innov. J., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 380–388, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.37824/sij.v6i2.2023.617.
[9] M. Abdelkareem, X. Lin, A. Ahmed, E. Ahmed, M. Jia, and L. Guo, “Vibration energy harvesting in automotive suspension system: A detailed review,” Appl. Energy, vol. 229, pp. 672–699, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.030.
[10] H. Y. Pan, L. F. Qi, Z. T. Zhang, and J. Y. Yan, “Kinetic energy harvesting technologies for applications in land transportation: A comprehensive review,” Appl. Energy, vol. 286, Art. no. 116518, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116518.
[11] R. Zhang, X. Wang, and S. John, “A comprehensive review of the techniques on regenerative shock absorber systems,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 5, Art. no. 1167, May 2018, doi: 10.3390/en11051167.
[12] S. J. Guo, Y. L. Liu, L. Xu, X. X. Guo, and L. Zuo, “Performance evaluation and parameter sensitivity of energy-harvesting shock absorbers on different vehicles,” Veh. Syst. Dyn., vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 918–942, 2016, doi: 10.1080/00423114.2016.1174276.
[13] P. Li and L. Zuo, “Influences of the electromagnetic regenerative dampers on the vehicle suspension performance,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. D, J. Automob. Eng., vol. 231, no. 3, pp. 383–394, 2017, doi: 10.1177/0954407016639503.
[14] L. H. Xie, J. H. Li, S. Q. Cai, and X. D. Li, “Electromagnetic energy-harvesting damper with multiple independently controlled transducers: On-demand damping and optimal energy regeneration,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 2705–2713, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2017.2758783.
[15] Z. T. Zhang et al., “A high-efficiency energy regenerative shock absorber using supercapacitors for renewable energy applications in range extended electric vehicle,” Appl. Energy, vol. 178, pp. 177–188, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.054.
[16] H. Li et al., “A high-efficiency energy regenerative shock absorber for powering auxiliary devices of new energy driverless buses,” Appl. Energy, vol. 295, Art. no. 117020, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117020.
[17] Y. L. Liu, L. Xu, and L. Zuo, “Design, modeling, lab, and field tests of a mechanical-motion-rectifier-based energy harvester using a ball-screw mechanism,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1933–1943, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2017.2700485.
[18] Y. Pan et al., “Modeling and field-test of a compact electromagnetic energy harvester for railroad transportation,” Appl. Energy, vol. 247, pp. 309–321, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.051.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Prayuda, Donny Fernandez, Wawan Purwanto, Dwi Sudarno Putra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
